Philolaus (Philolaus of Croton, Philolaus of Tarentum), fl. 5th century BC. A leading Pythagorean philosopher who survived the persecution of that school. He is widely attributed with having originated the theory of spherical universe. 1. Notes on Anaxagoras and Philolaus - Course notes on these contemporaries of Socrates, interpreting their ideas as reactions to the challenge posed by Parmenides and Zeno. 2. NodeWorks Encyclopedia: Philolaus - Article incorporating information from the 1911 Britannica. 3. Philolaus of Croton: Pythagorean and Presocratic - A 1994 evaluation by Patricia K. Curd of this book by Carl A. Huffman. From the Bryn Mawr Classical Review.

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