Empedocles of Acragas (or Akragas or Agrigentum), fl. mid-5th BC. One of the greatest of the Greek Presocratic thinkers, he put forth a view of the world as composed of four elements, earth, air, fire and water, whose relation to one another was governed by the principles of Love and Strife. He is generally considered either a "qualitative pluralist" or an Eleatic thinker. 1. An Empedocles Bibliography - A list of writings about this thinker in various European languages. 2. Cosmos of the Ancients: Empedocles - Short article by Stephen Stenudd reviewing the cosmological aspects of Empedocles' writings, and Aristotle's reaction to them. 3. Empedocles - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article. Summarizes this early Greek thinker's thought and presents what is known about his life. 4. Empedocles - Lecture notes by S. Marc Cohen, presenting Empedocles as part of the pluralistic response to Parmenides' teachings. 5. Empedocles - Course notes, providing a concise introduction to this thinker and pointing out some questions raised by his thought. 6. Empedocles of Acragas - Biographical article by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson. Includes glossary and links to biographies of related thinkers. 7. Empedocles of Agrigentum at Peithô's Web - Includes the Leonard translation of the Empedocles' fragments alongside the original Greek, as well as the Life of Empedocles from Diogenes Laertius. 8. Empedocles: Fragments and Commentary - From the Hanover Historical Texts Project. Arthur Fairbanks translations of the fragments of Empedocles. 9. The Structure of Empedocles' Fragment 17 - A 2000 paper by Simon Trepanier. An intensive study of this, the longest and most illuminating of Empedocles' fragments. 10. Dr. Edward Zeller on Empedocles - From Zeller's 1889 work, Outlines of the History of Greek Philosophy. Considers the scientific and mystic aspects of Empedocles' teachings.

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