Homosexuality has been an integral part of Japanese culture, presumably from prehistoric times. Mentions of it are to be found in the earliest known texts, and it occupies a central position in the culture up to the Meiji restoration of the late 1800's, when the Japanese felt the need to emulate the Western intruders and classified homosexuality as deviant.
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Fallen Warriors as Mass Media Stars
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Graduate paper on Japanese gay samurai iconography, with prints depicting "nanshoku" and homosexuality in military society.