Espalier is the practice of training woody plants, usually fruit trees, to grow flat against a structure. 1. Backwoods Home Magazine: Espalier your trees - Article providing basic information, including drawing and descriptions of horizontal, palmette, and cordon espaliering styles. 2. BBC Gardening: Grow Espalier Apple Trees - Step by step instructions on site selection and training, and a few growing tips. 3. Dr. Bob's Gardening Tips: Espaliers - Introduction with photographs, including shrubs and trees suitable in Florida. 4. Espaliering: The Patient Art - Article discussing background and methods, design considerations, and materials. 5. Gardenline: Espalier - Offers history of the technique, suggestions for site choice and design, and types of fruit trees most suitable for espaliering. 6. IFAS Extension: Espaliers - Includes introduction, examples of formal and informal patterns, general care, trimming tips, and lists of vines, shrubs, and trees suitable for use in Florida. 7. NC State University: Espalier - Provides a definition of the technique, a list of amenable plant types, and tips on site selection, style, support construction, and training. 8. Rare Fruit Society of South Australia: Espalier - Orchard owners lists their reasons for espaliering, and describe their methods. Includes plan drawing of framework, and photo galleries showing the enclosed espalier area as well as many individual trained fruit trees. 9. The Victory Garden: Starting an Espalier - Illustrated article about the technique, with tips on starting an espalier project with a fruit tree sapling.

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