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Multiparadigm (or multi-paradigm) languages are combination programming languages, mergers, that support, strongly, two or more programming paradigms, models, forms of program representation, within one language. Examples: procedural+functional or procedural+functional+objects or procedural+functional+logic+objects, etc. Framework languages (or programming language frameworks), a subset of ... [MORE]
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An Object Model for Multiparadigm Programming
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Presented at OOPSLA 1994.
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ELAN
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Created 1974 by Technical University of Berlin group, as alternative to BASIC in teaching, for systematic programming, and related styles: top-down, bottom-up, recursive, modular, syntax-directed. Descriptions, brief resource list, documents. English, Deutsch.
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Heron
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Home site. Has brief description, specification, tutorial, related articles, download.
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Heron-Centric: Ruminations of a Language Designer
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Weblog on language design issues, software development techniques, news, on Heron language, and similar languages like Java, C++.
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Heron: Introducing The Heron Programming Language
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Forum with many comments. [Slashdot]
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Lfyre
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General purpose, compiled; high performance, expressiveness, flexibility. Many features found in other languages, and extra features: creating new operators, keywords, programming paradigms. News, download. [SourceForge]
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Lightweight Languages as Software Engineering Tools
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Usenix Paper discussing multiparadigm programming as part of a larger topic.
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Multiparadigm Parallel Programming Environments
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Text and diagrams on two main parallel programming paradigms (data parallel, explicit message passing), and sequential multiparadigm programming with corresponding parallel versions.
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Multiparadigm Programming Group
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At Leibniz Laboratory, Grenoble, France; research topics, news, publications, members. In English and Français.
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Needle
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Pure object-oriented, functional language, statically typed, garbage collected; mixes ideas from Dylan, Lisp, Scheme; ML; Cecil, Smalltalk; description, slide show, downloads, links. [Open Source, MIT]
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Nial: A Quick Look at Nial
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The basis of Nial is the array theory of Trenchard More, a body of work which underpins APL2 nested arrays. It has a low profile, but serves the same niche as APL-J.
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Object Oriented and Procedural Lisp
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Brief, well written description of Lisp as a Framework Language, and benefits thereof.
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Piccola Wiki
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Wiki for this language. Treats 2 implementations: JPiccola, done in Java; SPiccola, done in Squeak. Descriptions, tutorial, syntax, libraries, bug list, FAQ.
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Piccola: A Small Composition Language
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PI based COmposition LAnguage: research language to explore the paradigm: Application = Components + Scripts. From the University of Berne.
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UFO: United Functions and Objects: Draft Language Description
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Download of UMCS-92-4-3.
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Uniting Functions and Objects
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Abstract of John Sargeant 4-Dec-1996 colloquium.
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Vista: Concepts and Architecture of Vista: a Multiparadigm Programming Environment
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Visual multiparadigm programming: visual + object-oriented (signal flow + data flow); from Proceedings of 10th IEEE/CS Symposium on Visual Languages, St. Louis, USA, 4-7 October 1994.
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X Language: xlang
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The eXtensible Language: easy to use, multi-syntax, portable set of APIs to create CLI and GUI applications for Unix/X11 and Win32; will ease making big applications, has interpreter/compiler/debugger. [Open Source, GPL]
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Kx Systems, Inc.
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Makes K, advanced vector oriented, functional language, one of the fastest application development environments (according to Bell Laboratories Benchmarking), and allows very fast processing of large datasets.
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Lucid
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Functional dataflow language, invented by Bill Wadge, Ed Ashcroft. Variables and expressions denote streams-sequences of data items. Input and output are streams, so a program is a Unix-style filter. Was basis for French real-time/reactive languages Lustre, Signal.
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Muliparadigm Programming Language
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By Anthony A. Aaby; 1998. Exercise to design an abstract grammar for elements that programming languages share, more so for abstraction, generalization, and modules; to integrate the grammar with abstract grammars for many paradigms.
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Multiparadigm Programming Language
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Brief description, language list sorted by count and supported paradigms. [NodeWorks Encyclopedia]
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Nial Systems Ltd.
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NIAL, Nested Interactive Array Language, mixes aspects of functional array and procedural languages. Rich primitives set makes it easy, fast to code loop-free data-driven algorithms. Also Q'Nial IDE, and Nial Data Engine embeddable interpreter. [Open Source, Artistic Licence]
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ResearchIndex: From Competition to Amalgamation of Different Programming Paradigms
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Describes basic elements (data, actions, tunings, voids, mixtures, ...) and principles of programming (stratification, implicit knowledge, limited freedom, ...), directed to amalgamating different programming paradigms (imperative, object-oriented, functional, constraint, ...) in a unified process of generating computer system models.
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Scala
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General purpose language; multiparadigm (object-oriented, functional, concurrent elements); statically typed, type-safe; focus: Web services. Successor of Funnel. Interoperates with Java VM or .NET, XML aware. [Open source, BSD-like license]
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