This category holds web pages and sites that compare two or more programming languages, on one or more variable, via text, feature lists, tables, code samples, equations, pictures, jokes, or any other means, sensible or [MORE] Ada@ (16) Component Frameworks@ (8) History@ (16) Humor (5) Java@ (6) Object-Oriented@ (11) Perl@ (3) Python@ (32) REBOL@ (15) 1. 1% the Code - Compares colorForth and C: Chuck Moore, father of Forth, expects colorForth applications to need only 1% the code of C programs. No code samples. 2. 99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall - Shows source code implementation for the same simple program across over 250 different programming languages. 3. A Comparative Overview of C# - Also compares C#, Java, C++. By Ben Albahari. 4. A Comparison of C++, FORTRAN 90 and Oberon-2 for Scientific Programming - The report concludes by a personal assessment of the three languages with respect to the numerical context. By Bernd Mösli. The reader's experience in scientific programming in C or FORTRAN would be advantageous. 5. ACM "Hello, World" Project - List of the famous "Hello, World!" programming teaching program, in hundreds of different languages. 6. Ada 95, Java, and C++ - Some think Java is like C++. Usual C++ idioms do not apply to Java as it is not a C++ superset or subset; Java is a derivation with many modifications, extensions. Both language syntax are alike, but semantics and philosophy are very different. Java is nearer Ada 95 than C++, except in syntax. 7. Ada, C, C++, and Java vs. The Steelman - Compares 4 programming languages (Ada 95, C, C++, Java) with the needs of "Steelman", original 1978 requirements document for Ada language. Big detailed table. 8. Advanced Programming Language Design - Book compares over 70 languages, and main classes: imperative, functional, object-oriented, dataflow, concurrent, declarative, aggregate. By Raphael Finkel, Addison-Wesley. 9. Are Scripting Languages the Wave of the Future? - Programming guru, Robert Martin, on languages of the coming decade. [ITworld.com] 10. Beyond Java? - Compares Java and Dylan, with examples from building two CORBA IDL compilers. Topics include: multiple inheritance, multi-argument dispatch, unified object model, extensible syntax. Several code examples. 11. C# from a Java Developer's Perspective - Thorough article by Dare Obasanjo, treats most similarities and differences between the two languages: features in Java and not in C#, and features in C# and not in Java. Text, tables, code, resources. 12. C#: A Language Alternative or Just J--?, Part 1 - Compares C# to Java, describes features and design trade-offs, places C# in context of broader Microsoft .Net strategy. Text, tables, code samples, links. By Mark Johnson. First article of 2-part series. [JavaWorld] 13. CLOS, Eiffel, and Sather: A Comparison - Comprehensive, many references; zipped Postscript, inlined gifs. 14. Comparing Development Costs of C and Ada - Article by Stephen F. Zeigler. Analysis of a case where most variables were controlled enough to make a comparison between development costs (time, error rates, code size, ...) of the 2 languages. 15. Comparison of Oberon-2 with Modula-2 - Short text summary of main features of Oberon-2; target audience: Modula-2 programmers unfamiliar with Oberon-2, but familiar with object-oriented and extensible programming concepts. 16. Comparisons of Tcl with Other Systems - Many comparisons between Tcl/Tk and other similar systems, most copied from comp.lang.tcl. 17. Contrast Ruby and Other Languages NEW! - Ruby vs Perl, Python, Tcl, Java, Eiffel, C++. Very short, some humor. English, Japanese version. 18. D vs Other Languages - Yes-No table with definitions compares D, C, C++, C#, Java, on: GC, functions, arrays, OOP, performance, reliability, compatibility, conditional compiling. [Digital Mars] 19. Developer's Dilemma: Perl or PHP? - By Joe "Zonker" Brockmeier. How to choose between two languages that are both very popular for Web development? Text, forum comments. [NewsFactor] 20. Dylan Competitive Analysis - Compares Dylan, Smalltalk, Objective-C, C/C++. Long document. 21. Examples of Programs in Different Programming Languages - Compares 129 (or 157?) languages, via 418 code samples, and growing. 22. Fortran 90 vs. Ada 95 - Compares Ada 95 to Fortran 90 via code samples, text. Well reasoned and written, many examples. Finds Ada equal or better than Fortran in all aspects but one marginal trait. 23. Guidelines for Choosing a Computer Language: Support for the Visionary Organizations - Multipage study compares: 4GL/5GL, 3GL (Ada 95, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Java, Smalltalk), 2GL (Assembly). Divides language (definition) from traits of products that implement and support it. Several sections, tables, appendixes. 24. HOPL: An Interactive Roster of Programming Languages NEW! - History of Programming Languages encyclopedia, over 8,500 languages, full verified references, code samples, big bibliography, biographical-institutional material, 4,000 language family tree. 25. How Does Ruby Compare with Python? NEW! - Text description, no code samples, Ruby Garden FAQ entry from comp.lang.python post. By John Dell'Aquila. 26. Inferno/Limbo vs. JavaOS/Java - A small overview of the differences between Inferno/Limbo and JavaOS/Java. 27. Is .NET's C Sharper Than C++ or Java? NEW! - By Joe "Zonker" Brockmeier. Text compares a few aspects of C#, Java, C++. [NewsFactor] 28. Is Ada a Better C? - Compares Ada, C, C++, language facilities under DOS. Copy of article, originally titled "Ada Better Than C++?" Text and code samples. [EXE magazine] 29. Is Turing a Better Language for Teaching Programming than Pascal? - Compares Turing to Pascal, long text document, no tables or graphs; by Jacqueline L. Martin, 1996, many references. 30. Java and Smalltalk Syntax Compared - Table and notes compare some elements of syntax of Java 1.1 to Smalltalk-80. 31. Java Benchmark - By Rene Grothmann. Compares sieve algorithm in Java and C/C++. Text, tables, live comparison applet. 32. Java vs. C# - Code for code comparison. All features on both languages are compared. 33. Java vs. C#, a Code-for-Code Comparison - Compares 2 languages: history, text, code samples. [ExtremeTech] 34. Java vs. JavaScript - Compares similarities, differences. By First Step Communications. 35. Just Say No to Microsoft: Programming Languages - Describes dozens of mostly living languages, grouped by family similarities. Most are alternatives to Microsoft. 36. Language Options Comparison - Compares scripting language feature options, in various categories. Pros and cons given for each feature variant. Text, code samples, table. 37. Linea Engineering, Inc.: Getting The Biggest Bang For Your Buck - Compares VisualGen, Smalltalk, C++/Java, ANSI COBOL 85. 38. My Programming Language Crisis - Some points on language design by Keith Waclena. 39. Nine Language Performance Round-up: Benchmarking Math & File I/O - Small-scale benchmark test run on 9 languages or variants: Java 1.3.1 and 1.4.2, C via gcc 3.3.1, Python 2.3.2 and via Psyco 1.1.1, 4 from Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003: Visual Basic/C#/C++/J#. 40. PLEAC: Programming Language Examples Alike Cookbook - Suite of common programming problems solved in Ada, C++, Erlang, Guile, Haskell, Java, Masd, merd, NASM, Objective Caml, Perl, Pliant, Python, Ruby, Tcl. 41. Programming Information from HB - Text descriptions compare C/C++, Java, Pascal, Basic, VeraStream; Oracle; HTML, XML; JavaScript, PHP. 42. Programming Language Benchmarks - Compares the same program in Ada, C, Forth, FORTRAN, Java, Lisp, Perl, R, Ruby. Goal: support decisions in language choice for making compute-intensive Web programs. Text, table, code samples. 43. Programming Language Categories - Brief text compares 6 basic language types: general scripting, programmer scripting, application development, low-level, pure functional, complete core. 44. Programming Language Comparison - Table and text compares many features of some popular object-oriented languages: C++, C#, Eiffel, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk, Visual Basic. 45. Programming Languages Mini-howto NEW! - Briefly compares major Linux programming languages: C, C++, Fortran, Java, Lisp, Perl, PHP, Python, Tcl; by Risto S. Varanka. 46. Programming Languages Table - Table showing the approximate number of logical source statements (not physical lines of code) that roughly correlate with a single function point. 47. Quantifying the Debate: Ada vs. C++ - Tables and text compare Ada 83/95, C, C++; mainly costs, reliability. By Donald J. Reifer. [CrossTalk] 48. Ray Tracer Language Comparison - Mini ray tracer benchmark written equivalently in C++, Java, SML, Objective Caml, Lisp, Scheme. Compares verbosity, performance; text, code samples, tables, image, graph. [Flying Frog Consultancy] 49. Ruby Versus Nine Object-Oriented Languages - Compares Ruby, Objective-C, Smalltalk-80, C++, Java, Python, CLOS, Perl5, PHP, Dylan. 50. Survey of Programming Languages Associated with the Web - General feature comparisons, explanations. 51. Syntax Across Languages - Operator names and syntax elements in various programming languages. 52. Tcl Advocacy - Table, text, links compare Tcl, Perl, Python, JavaScript, Visual Basic. 53. The BNF Web Club Language - Browse, explore some programming language syntax rules, see relations between rules, understand them via BNF (Backus-Naur Form notation) and syntactic diagrams: SQL, PL/SQL, SQL2, IDL; Ada 95, Java, Modula-2; Lazy, Lisp, M5. 54. The C Family of Languages - Interview with Dennis Ritchie, Bjarne Stroustrup, James Gosling. 55. The Case against C - Five short essays compare C (and C++ by extension) to Fortran: Why C is Not a Good Numerical Language, Why C is Not a Good First Language, C's Poor Loop Constructs, C's Pointers and Optimisation, Optimisation through Directives. 56. The Quine Page - Collection of self-reproducing programs: each outputs a copy of its own source code; about 60 languages. 57. The ROT13 Page - ROT13 implemented in many programming languages. 58. The Zen of Python - Compares traits of many languages, without naming any; by Tim Peters. 59. Timing Trials, or, the Trials of Timing: Experiments with Scripting and User-Interface Languages - By Brian Kernighan, Christopher Van Wyk. Compares how fast C, Awk, Perl, Tcl, Java, Visual Basic, Limbo, Scheme, run a range of representative tasks. Text, tables, graphs, code samples. 60. TIOBE Programming Community Index: TPCI - Updated monthly. Shows language popularity via world-wide availability of skilled engineers, courses, 3rd party vendors. Calculated from search engines Google, MSN, Yahoo. 61. To VB or Not to VB - Links to many comparisons: Visual Basic, VB.Net; Delphi, C#. 62. University of Michigan's Language Guide - Each entry includes history, description, code examples, and references. 63. What I Hate About Your Programming Language - Text treats general aspects of language choices, then compares hatred of Perl, Python, Ruby, PHP, Java, C, C++, JavaScript, XSLT, SQL. With many forum comments. [ONLamp.com] 64. What's Wrong with Perl - Author explains what he considers wrong about Perl, presents Python as an alternative. Descriptions, code samples, links. 65. Why Tcl is Better than Perl - Says Tcl is simpler, more maintainable, has superior GUI interface; Perl is hard to maintain and embed, thread unsafe, complex to learn. No code samples, tables, graphs. 66. A Comparison between 10 Languages - Table compares 13 traits at top, 10 languages to side: BETA, C#, C++, C-Talk, Eiffel, Java, Object Pascal, Ruby, Sather, Smalltalk. 67. A Comparison between BETA, C++, Eiffel, Java, Object Pascal, Ruby and Smalltalk - Table compares 12 traits to side, 7 languages at top. 68. Accumulator Generator - Compares canonical solutions to same problem as code samples in: C++, Dylan, E, Erlang, Haskell, JavaScript, Lisp (Arc, Common, Goo, Scheme), Lua, Maple, Mathematica, Oz-Mozart, NewtonScript, Perl, Python, REBOL, Ruby, Smalltalk, VBScript. [Paul Graham] 69. Ada and Java: Realtime Advantages NEW! - Compares C, Ada, Java, for flaws and strengths in realtime programming, embedded software, built-in support for multithreading; text, code samples. Embedded.com. 70. ASP vs. PHP - Brief text compares website building languages ASP, PHP on several points. [WebProNews] 71. Benchmark Execution Speed of LabVIEW Applications - Compares 2 LabVIEW versions with C: brief text, 1 table. [National Instruments] 72. C# Strikes a Chord - Compares 4 languages: C, C++, C#, Java. Shows family genealogy. [Dr. Dobb's Journal] 73. C++ Java Python Ruby Side by Side Code Comparison - Extensive insightful comments on essay: C++ vs. Java vs. Python vs. Ruby: A First Impression. [digg] 74. C++ vs. Java vs. Python vs. Ruby: A First Impression - Essay compares aspects of the languages, one page allows matched comparing of code of a red-black tree algorithm in each language. 75. Comparing Mercury and Haskell - Compares type systems, all text. Uses Haskell 98 since Mercury type system is more like Haskell than ML, and Haskell 98 is best documented, most well-known Haskell. 76. Comparing PHP with Other Languages - Text compares several traits of ASP.NET, C#, PHP, Java, Lisp, Perl, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk. Article with forum posts. [Professional PHP] 77. Comparing Python and Ruby - Informal experiment on different look of Python and Ruby edit-distance programs; text, tables, download files. 78. Eiffel and Delphi Compared - Text compares differences of several main aspects. 79. Forth and Not C NEW! - Pro-Forth text explains why C is used more than Forth. 80. Forth Versus C NEW! - Pro-Forth question and answer text, some questions have several answers. 81. Gnat and Linux: C++ and Java Under Fire - Compares Ada, Java, C, C++, Delphi. Text, tables. Gnat and Linux orientation. [Linux Gazette] 82. History and Comparison of Programming Languages - Files compare statements in several different languages, tracing from early to present languages. 83. How Does Ruby Compare with Python? - Short text compares Ruby and Python, via Perl and Smalltalk. 84. In Search of the Ideal Programming Language - Article by Sergey Polak. Review and comparison programming languages in search expressive, extensible, readable, safe, portable language. 85. Io Comparisons - Compares a few variables (size, speed, syntax) in many languages: Brain, C, Cel, F-Script, Forth (gForth, pForth), Icon, Java (Kaffe), Lisp (CLisp, Guile, LispMe, Scheme48), Lua, Perl, Pike, Python, Ruby, Self, Smalltalk (GNU, Squeak, SuperCollider), Tcl. 86. Java and C++ Resource Management Comparison - Detailed discussion of the techniques used in Java and C++ to implement leak free and exception safe resource management. Covers memory management, finalizers, destructors and finally blocks with examples. 87. Java and C-sharp Compared NEW! - Briefly compares several traits; text, code samples. 88. Languages Versus D - Growing table compares D, C, C++, C#, Java, Delphi, Python, Perl, Eiffel, Sather, Smalltalk, Lisp/CLOS, Ada. Many clarifying comments below. [Wiki4D, Open Content] 89. Linux Number Crunching: Benchmarking Languages NEW! - Compares performance of Intel Fortran and C++, gcc, and IBM, Sun and GNU Java compilers, on an Intel Linux platform. 90. Lisp as an Alternative to Java NEW! - Brief text on comparisons of C, C++, Java, Lisp, Ron Garret / Erann Gat study, with conforming example program Lisp source code; very useful links. 91. Object-Oriented Languages in the Industry: A Comparison - Text and tables compare 4 major OO languages: Eiffel, C++, Java, Smalltalk. Criteria chosen to suggest where Eiffel is better. 92. Perl vs. Python vs. Ruby - Comparison with text, code samples, many reader comments. Michael Tsai weblog. 93. Popular Programming Languages NEW! - Long text table compares many languages by brief descriptions matched to common tasks. 94. Programmers: Otters with Rocks? - Discusses historical move from low level languages to higher level interpreted ones, productivity, future developments. Active feedback response. [ZDNet News] 95. Programming Language Critiques: Pascal, C, C++, and C-Linda - Text compares languages on many points; by Jim Basney. 96. Programming Languages Study NEW! - Includes: diagram, history of languages; history of language concepts; syntax across languages; Scriptometer measures scripting ease of languages; mutability and sharing of various values in various languages. 97. Python Compared to Other Languages - Many links to comparisons involving Python. 98. Qtime Collection, FTP Download, Gzipped - Display time as English sentence, coded in: AWK, C, ICI, Icon, JavaScript, Lite/mSQL, PHP3, Pike, Python, REBOL, Rexx, Ruby, SLang, Spanner. Tested on only Linux (all) and AmigaOS (C and Rexx versions). 99. Schizoid Classes: Of Class, Type, and Method - Compares Java and Smalltalk, in text and table. By Rodney Bates. [ACM Queue] 100. Simple Programs in Various Different Programming Languages - Common algorithms and other sample code in the languages: Bash and Bourne shells, C/C++, Java, MATLAB/Octave, Perl, Python, Ruby, Scheme. 101. Sun's Comparison of Language Features - Table graphic, uses good-fair-poor metric, compares Java, Smalltalk, Tcl, Perl, Shells, C, C++. 102. Team Eiffel: The Zen of Python, Part I - Text compares Python and Eiffel, via Tim Peters' Zen rules. 103. Ted Shieh's Programming Language Comparison - A comparison of the features of and demand for some of the major programming languages. 104. The Computer Language Shootout Benchmarks - Performance measurements and source code for ~25 benchmark programs in ~25 languages; with side-by-side comparisons for any 2 programming languages, and an interactive weighted ranking for all the languages. 105. TMXxine Languages - Brief comparison Curl with High Level assembler, BCX, Dark Basic, Mono (C#/.Net implementation), Python, Squeak, XBasic/XBlite. Curl applet examples. 106. TUNES Project: Programming Languages - Over 200 languages described, mostly original commentary, many deep insights, over 1,000 links. [Open Content] 107. Water Comparisons - Two medium length documents compare object-oriented languages: Water with ConciseXML syntax, to JSP (JavaServer Pages) and Java; 1 brief list compares Water to PHP. 108. What Languages Fix - Compares many languages in brief text, describes each by the problem it fixes. [Paul Graham] 109. Why Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming Language - Brian Kernighan's comparison of Pascal and C 110. Why to Move from ASM to C NEW! - Brief text compares Assembly to C; lower to higher level language. ScienceProg.

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