In computer science, after basic hardware, language comes first, before operating systems, applications, or anything else. One needs a language first, even if only machine language, before one can write any software at ... [MORE] A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ABC (4) ADL (1) APL (74) Ada (330) Algol 60 (15) Algol 68 (28) AppleScript@ (36) Assembly (188) Awk (21) BASIC (226) BETA (9) Befunge (11) Bigwig (1) Bistro@ (6) Blue (4) Brainfuck (14) C++ (809) C-sharp (145) CHILL (3) CLU (4) Caml@ (3) Cecil (3) Clarion (42) Clean (3) Clipper (27) Cobol (124) CobolScript (2) Cocoa (3) Comparison & Review (115) Component Pascal@ (10) Concurrent (13) Constraint (44) Curl (35) Curly Bracket (3) DATABUS (7) DOS Batch@ (118) Data Structured (1) Database (2) Dataflow (6) Declarative (5) Delphi (447) Directories (17) Distributed@ (36) Dylan (20) Education (2) Eiffel (70) ElastiC (2) Erlang (241) Euphoria (26) FP (2) Forth (200) Fortran (856) Fortress (3) Frontier (44) Functional (51) Garbage Collected (3) Goedel (3) Groovy@ (20) HTML@ (311) HTMLScript@ (62) Hardware Description@ (61) Haskell (60) History@ (16) HyperCard@ (15) ICI (3) IDL (14) Icon (7) Imperative@ (23) Intercal (16) Interface (2) Interpreted (14) Io (10) Jal@ (10) Java (2907) JavaScript (538) Jovial (8) LaTeX@ (110) LabVIEW (85) Lagoona@ (1) Language-OS Hybrids (9) Leda (3) Limbo (5) Lisp (436) Logic-based (46) Logo@ (58) Lua (20) MATLAB@ (144) ML (52) Maple@ (26) Markup@ (1166) Mathematica@ (53) Mercury (4) Miranda (11) Miva (62) Modula-2 (24) Modula-3 (7) Moto (4) Multiparadigm (25) Mumps (22) NET@ (7) Oberon (64) Obfuscated (28) Object-Oriented (51) Objective Caml@ (25) Objective-C (21) Obliq (4) Occam (19) Off-side Rule (2) Open Source (2) Oz (8) PHP (1475) PL (14) PL-SQL (48) POP-11 (11) Parallel@ (36) Pascal (78) Perl (907) Pike (7) Pliant (9) PostScript@ (39) PowerBuilder@ (97) Procedural (23) Prograph (24) Prolog (67) Proteus (2) Prototype-based@ (12) Python (466) REBOL (139) RPG (16) Refal (7) Reflective (8) Regular Expressions (101) Rexx (205) Rigal (3) Ruby (220) S-Lang (2) SAS (51) SETL (5) SGML@ (28) SQL (41) Sather (11) Scheme@ (142) Scripting (52) Self@ (16) Simkin (5) Simula (7) Sisal (11) Smalltalk (300) Snobol (6) Specification (17) Squeak@ (92) Synchronous (10) T3X (3) TRAC (4) Tcl-Tk (109) TeX@ (391) Tempo (2) Transcript (25) Turing (8) UML@ (173) VBScript@ (19) VHDL@ (28) Verilog@ (15) Visual (41) Visual Basic (457) Visual DialogScript (4) Visual FoxPro (65) Water (11) Wirth (7) XML@ (740) XOTcl@ (5) YAFL (2) Yorick (8) m4 (2) 1. An Introduction to Programming Languages NEW! - Neutral conceptual analysis; useful for those who know one language and want to learn about others. 2. The Retrocomputing Museum - Dedicated to programs that induce sensations that hover somewhere between nostalgia and nausea.The freaks, jokes, and fossils of computing history. 3. Webopedia - Programming languages related terms. 4. CodeComments Programming Languages Discussions - Web access to Usenet newsgroups of various programming languages. 5. Introduction to Programming Languages - By Anthony A. Aaby; 1996. Book, online only, draft version, no paper edition. Formats: HTML, PDF, PS, DVI, TGZ. [open content, Creative Commons License] 6. Lambda the Ultimate - Programming Languages Weblog with news and discussion. 7. PLNews: Programming Language News - News, articles, announcements and information focusing on programming languages. 8. Programming Language - Growing article, with links to many related topics. [NodeWorks Encyclopedia]

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