Synchronous processors have one central clock, which synchronizes and coordinates the progress of operations throughout a processor. Synonym: clocked. All parts and stages work to its unifying beat signal, at the same rate, in lock step, handing off work to the next stage as the clock ticks. Almost all computers made, and in use, are synchronous. Clock speed is a primary performance trait. For ... [MORE] Sutherland, Ivan@ (5) 1. Fulcrum Microsystems, Inc - Develops and sells chips and IP (intellectual property) for asynchronous logic circuits. California, USA. 2. Amulet - Series (1, 2e, 3, 3i) based on ARM design using micropipeline design style; released 1993; backwards instruction set compatible, runs extant binaries with no modification. [Advanced Processor Technologies Group, University of Manchester] 3. Asynchronous Logic - Basic explanation of idea and benefits, with publications; by researcher David A. Kearney, School of Computer and Information Science, University of South Australia. 4. Asynchronous Logic Use: Provisional, Cautious, and Limited - Prudence seems the watchword for adopting asynchronous design practices. [Embedded.com] 5. Asynchronous Processor - Technical block diagram with linked text description. 6. Caltech Asynchronous VLSI Group - Research focusing on methods and tools for designing high-performance and low-energy asynchronous digital circuits. Home of MiniMIPS asynchronous MIPS R3000 RISC processor. [Department of Computer Science, Caltech] 7. Chips without Ticks: Why Not Do Away with Processor Clocks? - Article describes basics and state of affairs in 1994. [PowerPC News] 8. Computer Clocks Wind Down - It's growing harder and more costly to make computer clocks work right. The solution may be to eliminate clocks. Benefits: more performance, reliability; lower cost. But commercialization will be hard. [Computerworld] 9. Computers without Clocks (or Asynchronous Computers) - Basic explanation of idea and benefits, with reference. [Roland Piquepaille's Technology Trends] 10. Freeing Computers from the Constraints of Time - Time is running out for the clocks that make our computers tick as scientists develop a new generation of hardware and software based on the simpler designs of the 1950s. [SpaceDaily] 11. It's Time for Clockless Chips - Computer chips without traditional clock face big barriers in coming into the mainstream; timeline, company list. [Technology Review] 12. MiniMIPS - Processor core based on MIPS I design, integrated in an FPGA, language is VHDL, speed is 50 MIPS. [LGPL, Opencores.org] 13. Nanocomputer Skips Clock - With components maybe as small as individual molecules, such computers will likely need new designs. [Technology Research News] 14. Philips Gambit: Self-timing's Time is Here - Philips Research to spin off internal asynchronous chip design technology hoping for wide use in low-power devices. Internally called Tangram, now renamed Handshake Technology is a set of tools, cores, design expertise Philips used for over 10 years, sold millions of chips. [EE Times] 15. Self-Timed Logic Projects - History, past and current research, publications, lectures, contacts, links. 16. The Asynchronous Bibliography - Database on circuits, almost 2000 items, download formats: BiBTeX, HTML, PDF, PostScript. Page links: web pages and sites, conferences, produced chips. 17. Theseus Logic, Inc. - Clockless electronics for power managed, low noise/EMI, secure and reusable circuits and systems. Florida, USA. 18. Time for the Clockless Computer Chip - Brief article explains why such processors promise more speed, safety, security, miniaturization. [Dataweek] 19. VLSI Research Group - Develops high-speed circuit technologies and design methods to enable novel architectures. Circuit technologies: asynchronous, low-power, communication links. Design methods: intellectual and computer-aided tools for design, implementation, test. [Sun Microsystems] 20. World’s First Flexible 8-bit Asynchronous Processor - Developed by Seiko Epson, uses low-temperature polysilicon thin-film transistors (LTPS-TFTs) on plastic substrate, energy use down 70%, Epson is researching uses for it. [Electronic Design Europe]

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