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Formal Language Theory

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Formal language theory is defined to be the study of sets of words over finite alphabets. In formal language theory a word in a language can be accepted by a device (automaton) or generated by a grammar. The four languages of the Chomsky hierarchy (regular, context free, context sensitive and recursively enumerable languages) are typically studied.


1. A Hierarchy of Languages NEW! - A brief discussion of context sensitive languages, recursively enumerable languages and languages with no grammars. Examples show these are not equivalent.
2. Formal Language Theory NEW! - An introductory approach to the topic using many examples.
3. Formal Language Theory and Parsing NEW! - This site includes chapters on regular and context-free languages as well as bottom-up and top-down parsing using LR(k) parsers.
4. Formal Language Theory for Natural Language Processing NEW! - A draft manuscript with chapters on set theory, regular languages, context free languages and the Chomsky hierarchy.
5. Grammars NEW! - A set of slides on grammars and language generation, with examples including a grammar for an abbreviated C language.
6. Grammars And Parsing NEW! - An article with examples from natural languages, parsing with YACC, the use of LL(k) grammars and the hierarchy of regular, LL(k), LR(k), context free, context sensitive and unrestricted grammars.
7. Grammars and Parsing NEW! - A site which describes several types of formal grammars for natural language processing, parse trees, and a number of parsing methods.
8. Lecture Notes NEW! - Notes for a class at Virginia Tech covering formal languages and their connections with finite automata, pushdown automata and Turing machines.
9. The Chomsky Hierarchy of Formal Grammars NEW! - A brief definition of the grammars which define the Chomsky heirarchy of families of languages.

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